Thứ Bảy, 6 tháng 5, 2017

Phonology and Second Language Acquisition (Studies in Bilingualism)

This volume is a collection of 13 chapters, each devoted to a particular issue that is crucial to our understanding of the way learners acquire, learn, and use an L2 sound system. In addition, it spans both theory and application in L2 phonology.
 
 
 
The book is divided into three parts, with each section unified by broad thematic content: Part I, "Theoretical Issues and Frameworks in L2 Phonology," lays the groundwork for examining L2 phonological acquisition. Part II, "Second Language Speech Perception and Production," examines these two aspects of L2 speech in more detail. Finally, Part III, "Technology, Training, and Curriculum," bridges the gap between theory and practice.
 
 
 
Each chapter examines theoretical frameworks, major research findings (both classic and recent), methodological issues and choices for conducting research in a particular area of L2 phonology, and major implications of the research findings for more general models of language acquisition and/or pedagogy.

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Information Structure and the Dynamics of Language Acquisition (Studies in Bilingualism)

The papers in this volume focus on the impact of information structure on language acquisition, thereby taking different linguistic approaches into account.


They start from an empirical point of view, and examine data from natural first and second language acquisition, which cover a wide range of varieties, from early learner language to native speaker production and from gesture to Creole prototypes.


The central theme is the interplay between principles of information structure and linguistic structure on the functioning and development of the learner's system. The papers examine language-internal explanatory factors and in particular the communicative and structural forces that push and shape the acquisition process, and its outcome.


On the theoretical level, the approach adopted appeals both to formal and communicative constraints on a learner's language in use. Two empirical domains provide a "resting ground" for the respective weight of grammatical versus functional determinants in the acquisition process: the expression of finiteness and scope relations at the utterance level and; the expression of anaphoric relations at the discourse.

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Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism (Studies in Bilingualism)

Age effects have played a particularly prominent role in some theoretical perspectives on second language acquisition. This book takes an entirely new perspective on this issue by re-examining these theories in light of the existence of apparently similar non-native outcomes in adult heritage speakers who, unlike adult second language learners, acquired two or more languages in childhood.
 
 
 
Despite having been exposed to their family language early in life, many of these speakers never fully acquire, or later lose, aspects of their first language sometime in childhood.
 
 
 
The book examines the structural characteristics of "incomplete" grammatical states and highlights how age of acquisition is related to the type of linguistic knowledge and behavior that emerges in L1 and L2 acquisition under different environmental circumstances. By underscoring age of acquisition as a unifying factor in the study of L2 acquisition and L1 attrition, it is claimed that just as there are age effects in L2 acquisition, there are also age effects, or even perhaps a critical period, in L1 attrition.
 
 
 
The book covers adult L2 acquisition, attrition in adults and in children, and includes a comparison of adult heritage language speakers and second language learners.
 
Table of contents
 
Acknowledgments
xi–x
Chapter 1. Foundations
1-25
Chapter 2. Second language acquisition
27-61
Chapter 3. First language attrition in adults
63-91
Chapter 4. Bilingualism in early childhood
93-129
Chapter 5. Bilingualism in middle and late childhood
131-159
Chapter 6. Incomplete L1 acquisition in adults
161-206
Chapter 7. Incomplete L1 and L2 acquisition in adults
207-248
Chapter 8. Implications
249-275
References
277-301
Index of authors
303-307
Index of terms
309-312
 

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First Language Attrition Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Methodological Issues (Studies in Bilingualism)

This volume provides a state-of-the-art treatment of research on language attrition, the non-pathological loss of a language through lack of exposure. It combines a review of past and present research with in-depth treatments of specific theoretical and methodological issues and reports on individual studies.
 
 
 
Special prominence is given to the identification of problematic areas in attrition research, with a view to pointing out possible solutions. The book specifically addresses itself to those who wish to acquaint themselves with the research area of language attrition, providing them with both a thorough overview of the field and a basis on which to build their own research.
 
 
 
The combination of experience and an innovative outlook present in this collection, however, make it a valuable source for those familiar with attrition as well. Especially useful to both beginners and veterans is the extensive annotated bibliography.


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Declarative and Procedural Determinants of Second Languages (Studies in Bilingualism)

This volume is the outcome of the author’s observations and puzzlement over seventeen years of teaching English and French as second languages, followed by 30 years of research into the neurolinguistic aspects of bilingualism.
 
 
 
It examines, within the framework of a neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism (Paradis, 2004), the crucial and pervasive contributions made by declarative and procedural memory to the appropriation, representation and processing of a second language.
 
 
 
This requires careful consideration of a number of concepts associated with issues pertaining to second language research: consciousness, interface, modularity, automaticity, proficiency, accuracy, fluency, intake, ultimate attainment, switching, implicit linguistic competence and explicit metalinguistic knowledge. It is informed by data from a variety of domains, including language pathology, neuroimaging, and, from each side of the fence, practical classroom experience. This book introduces four further proposals within the framework of a neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism:
 
(1) There are two sets of cerebral representations, those that are capable of reaching consciousness and those that are not; implicit grammar is inherently not capable of reaching consciousness. (2) The increased activation observed in neuroimaging studies during the use of a second language is not devoted to the processing of implicit linguistic competence. (3) Intake is doubly implicit. (4) Given the premise that metalinguistic knowledge cannot be converted into implicit competence, there can be no possible interface between the two.
 
 
 
Table of contents
Preface
ix–xii
Chapter 1. Key concepts, framework, and clarifications
1-35
Chapter 2. Consciousness in L2 appropriation
37-60
Chapter 3. The disintegration of the implicit/explicit interface debate (or interface newspeak?)
61-107
Chapter 4. Ultimate attainment in L2 proficiency
109-136
Chapter 5. Pervasive relevance of the distinction between implicit competence and explicit knowledge
137-186
Summary of key proposals
187-190
References
191-215
Subject index
217-219

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Bilingual Youth Spanish in English-Speaking Societies (Studies in Bilingualism)

The present volume represents a variety of portraits of what happens when families attempt to raise children in Spanish while living in English-speaking societies.


Aided by the foregrounding chapter by Suzanne Romaine about language and identity and the afterword by Carol Klee that ties together many issues brought up throughout the collection, the reader gains a more complete understanding of the variables that contribute to Spanish bilingualism in English-speaking societies, and by extension a more complete understanding of the dynamic nature of bilingualism in general.


This volume, the first of its kind, brings together an impressive array of sociolinguistic environments while keeping the two languages constant. We hope that it marks the beginning of comparative analyses of bilingualism, acquisition outcomes, and identity construction across environments that share the same languages, but where important disparities exist in the sociolinguistic landscapes.

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Unended Quest An Intellectual Autobiography by Karl Popper (Routledge Classics)

At the age of eight, Karl Popper was puzzling over the idea of infinity and by fifteen beginning to take a keen interest in his father's well-stocked library of books. Unended Quest recounts these moments and many others in the life of one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century.
 
 
 
Popper witnessed two World Wars and the collapse of Communism in the Eastern bloc, and provides here an indispensable account of the ideas that influenced him most, in particular his early fascination with science and philosophy. He talks about aspects of his life rarely discussed elsewhere, such as his love of music, the mixed feelings about his Jewish background, and his debate with Wittgenstein and the now legendary 'poker' incident.
 
 
 
Popper also corresponded with a range of intellectual figures, including Heisenberg, Schrodinger, Einstein and Russell. Yet it is as an introduction to Popper's philosophy that Unended Quest shines. Popper lucidly explains some of the central ideas in his work, making this book ideal reading for anyone coming to Popper's life and work for the first time.

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