Age effects have played a particularly prominent role in some theoretical perspectives on second language acquisition. This book takes an entirely new perspective on this issue by re-examining these theories in light of the existence of apparently similar non-native outcomes in adult heritage speakers who, unlike adult second language learners, acquired two or more languages in childhood.
Despite having been exposed to their family language early in life, many of these speakers never fully acquire, or later lose, aspects of their first language sometime in childhood.
The book examines the structural characteristics of "incomplete" grammatical states and highlights how age of acquisition is related to the type of linguistic knowledge and behavior that emerges in L1 and L2 acquisition under different environmental circumstances. By underscoring age of acquisition as a unifying factor in the study of L2 acquisition and L1 attrition, it is claimed that just as there are age effects in L2 acquisition, there are also age effects, or even perhaps a critical period, in L1 attrition.
The book covers adult L2 acquisition, attrition in adults and in children, and includes a comparison of adult heritage language speakers and second language learners.
Table of contents
Acknowledgments
xi–x
Chapter 1. Foundations
1-25
Chapter 2. Second language acquisition
27-61
Chapter 3. First language attrition in adults
63-91
Chapter 4. Bilingualism in early childhood
93-129
Chapter 5. Bilingualism in middle and late childhood
131-159
Chapter 6. Incomplete L1 acquisition in adults
161-206
Chapter 7. Incomplete L1 and L2 acquisition in adults
207-248
Chapter 8. Implications
249-275
References
277-301
Index of authors
303-307
Index of terms
309-312
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