Chủ Nhật, 28 tháng 5, 2017

English Historical Linguistics 2008 Volume I (Series IV Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 314)

The fourteen studies selected for this volume – all of them peer-reviewed versions of papers presented at the 15th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics 2008 (23–30 August) at the University of Munich – investigate syntactic variation and change in the history of English from two perspectives that are crucial to explaining language change, namely the analysis of usage patterns and the social motivations of language change.
 
 
 
 
Documenting the way syntactic elements have changed their combinatory preferences in fine-grained corpus studies renders the opportunity to catch language change in actu. A majority of studies in this book investigate syntactic change in the history of English from this viewpoint using a corpus-based approach, focusing on verbal constructions, modality and developments in the English noun phrase.
 
 
 
The book is of primary interest to linguists interested in current research in the history of English syntax. Its empirical richness is an excellent source for teaching English Historical Syntax.

English Historical Linguistics 2006 Volume 3 (Series IV Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 297)

This volume contains selected papers concerning syntax and morphology originally presented at the 14th meeting of the International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL) held in Bergamo on 21–25 August 2006.
 
 
 
 
The area covered by this volume — morphology and syntax — is traditionally a central one for many scholars working in the field of diachronic linguistics. Its continued importance is shown by the continued production of numerous important monographs and studies, as the bibliographical references in the papers of this volume attest.
 
 
 
 
Studies in the field of syntax and morphology have also become wider and richer with the contribution of many recent methodological innovations – from grammaticalisation studies to textual perspectives, from pragmatics to a sociolinguistic approach – which have influenced both synchronic and diachronic studies.


English Historical Linguistics 2006 Volume 2 (Series IV Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 296)

This volume contains selected papers concerning syntax and morphology originally presented at the 14th meeting of the International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL) held in Bergamo on 21–25 August 2006.
 
 
 
 
The area covered by this volume — morphology and syntax — is traditionally a central one for many scholars working in the field of diachronic linguistics. Its continued importance is shown by the continued production of numerous important monographs and studies, as the bibliographical references in the papers of this volume attest.
 
 
 
 
Studies in the field of syntax and morphology have also become wider and richer with the contribution of many recent methodological innovations – from grammaticalisation studies to textual perspectives, from pragmatics to a sociolinguistic approach – which have influenced both synchronic and diachronic studies.

English Historical Linguistics 2006 Volume 1 (Series IV Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 295)

This volume contains selected papers concerning syntax and morphology originally presented at the 14th meeting of the International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL) held in Bergamo on 21–25 August 2006.
 
 
 
 
The area covered by this volume — morphology and syntax — is traditionally a central one for many scholars working in the field of diachronic linguistics. Its continued importance is shown by the continued production of numerous important monographs and studies, as the bibliographical references in the papers of this volume attest.
 
 
 
 
Studies in the field of syntax and morphology have also become wider and richer with the contribution of many recent methodological innovations – from grammaticalisation studies to textual perspectives, from pragmatics to a sociolinguistic approach – which have influenced both synchronic and diachronic studies.

English Historical Linguistics 1994 (Series IV Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 135)

This volume offers a selection of 19 papers from those read at the 8th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics in Edinburgh. Many of the writers are established authorities in the field, but there are also significant contributions from a younger generation of scholars.


The topics discussed span the whole history of English from the Common Germanic period to the present century and the book also includes, as appropriate to the Conference venue, a number of papers on aspects of the historical development of Scots and Scottish English.

English Historical Linguistics 1992 (Series IV Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 113)

This volume brings together a selection of 28 out of the 76 papers read at ICHEL-7 in Valencia. The book opens with a general section, in which Richard Hogg examines the relationship between linguistics and philology, Enrique Bernárdez analyzes syntactic change from the point of view of catastrophe theory, Roger Sell suggests a pragmatic analysis of historical data, and Norman Blake and Jacek Fisiak re-open the debate on periodization in the history of English.
 
 
 
 
 
The rest of the papers is grouped in four sections: Phonology and Writing, Morphology and Syntax, Lexicology and Semantics, and Varieties of English and Studies on Individual Texts. An index of names and a subject index complete the volume.
 

Bono Homini Donum Essays (Series IV Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 16)

the volume starts with a -- posthumous -- paper by Alexander Kerns, written by Benjamins Schwartz, on the Indo-European tense system.
 
 
 
 
This is followed by a rich array of papers on the reconstruction of older languages, ranging from Indo-European and Afroasiatic to Cretan.
 

Alternative Linguistics Descriptive and Theoretical Modes (Series IV Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 102)

The papers in this volume were presented at the Fifth Biennial Symposium of the Department of Linguistics, Rice University, March 1993. The participants were asked to concentrate in depth and in a self-reflective way upon some range of data.


The intent was multifold. The first purpose was descriptive. It was expected that the participants would carry out their task in a retrospective way, exemplifying and building upon their previous work, but it was also expected that they would begin to demonstrate the configuration of some area in a more comprehensive picture of language.


The point was to take (at least) one substantive step in the depiction of what we think language will ultimately be like. The contributions were both specific and generalizing, with focus as much upon methodology as upon hypotheses about language. In examining descriptive practice, we continued to concentrate upon issues which concerned us all, and at the same time we tried to advance the discourse by the results of such description. We hoped that problematic and recalcitrant data would make our own practice clearer to us and that it might also instruct us in the refinement of our conceptions of language.


A Theory of Syntax for Systemic Functional Linguistics (Series IV Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 206)

This book describes and evaluates alternative approaches within Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to representing the structure of language at the level of form. It assumes no prior knowledge of SFL, and can therefore be read as an introduction to current issues within the theory. It will interest any linguist who takes a functional approach to understanding language.
 
 
 
Part 1 summarizes the major developments in the forty years of SFL’s history, including alternative approaches within Halliday’s own writings and the emergence of the “Cardiff Grammar” as an alternative to the “Sydney Grammar”. It questions the theoretical status of the ‘multiple structure’ representations in Halliday’s influential Introduction to Functional Grammar (1994), demonstrating that Halliday’s model additionally needs an integrating syntax such as that described in Part 2.
 
 
 
Part 2 specifies and discusses the set of ‘categories’ and ‘relationships’ that are needed in a theory of syntax for a modern, computer-implementable systemic functional grammar. The theoretical concepts are exemplified at every point, usually from English but occasionally from other languages.
 
 
 
The book is both a critique of Halliday’s current theory of syntax and the presentation of an alternative version of SFL that is equally systemic and equally functional.

New Directions in Cognitive Linguistics (Human Cognitive Processing Vol 24)

This volume contains over 20 papers by leading experts in cognitive linguistics which survey the state of the art and new directions in cognitive linguistics.



The volume is divided into 5 sections covering all the traditional areas of study in cognitive linguistics, as well as newer areas, including applications and extensions. Sections include: Approaches to semantics; Approaches to metaphor and blending; Approaches to grammar; Language, embodiment and cognition; Extensions and applications of cognitive linguistics.


Methods in Cognitive Linguistics (Human Cognitive Processing Vol 18)

Methods in Cognitive Linguistics is an introduction to empirical methodology for language researchers. Intended as a handbook to exploring the empirical dimension of the theoretical questions raised by Cognitive Linguistics, the volume presents guidelines for employing methods from a variety of intersecting disciplines, laying out different ways of gathering empirical evidence.


The book is divided into five sections. Methods and Motivations provides the reader with the preliminary background in scientific methodology and statistics. The sections on Corpus and Discourse Analysis, and Sign Language and Gesture describe different ways of investigating usage data.


Behavioral Research describes methods for exploring mental representation, simulation semantics, child language development, and the relationships between space and language, and eye movements and cognition. Lastly, Neural Approaches introduces the reader to ERP research and to the computational modeling of language.


Cognitive Linguistics Investigations (Human Cognitive Processing Vol 15)

These areas include: lexical semantics, cognitive grammar, metaphor, prototypes, pragmatics, narrative and discourse, computational and translation models; and are considered within the contexts of: language change, child language acquisition, language and culture, grammatical features and word order and gesture.


Despite possible differences in philosophical approach to the role of language in cognitive tasks, these papers are similar in a fundamental way: they all share a commitment to the view that human categorization involves mental concepts that have fuzzy boundaries and are culturally and situation-based.

Glencoe Language Arts - Vocabulary Power Workbooks Grade 12

Research shows that reading comprehension improves when students have a strong oral and print vocabulary. By providing students with word-study opportunities, students are encouraged to develop a love of language and an ongoing curiosity about words, their origins, and their multiple meanings and usages.
 
 
 
 
The vocabulary word lists, skills-practice exercises, reviews, and tests provided in these Vocabulary Power Workbooks may be used for systematic vocabulary instruction, enabling students to expand their vocabularies, develop a deeper understanding of language, and improve their reading comprehension.
 
 
 
The vocabulary teaching, word lists, and exercise types in Vocabulary Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as Teaching Reading Vocabulary by Dale D. Johnson and P. David Pearson; Teaching Vocabulary to Improve Reading Comprehension by William E. Nagy; The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke; and various articles from the Journal of Reading have been used to help determine the course of instruction and to identify vocabulary words that students should know at each grade level. Therefore, the words selected for study in this workbook are developmentally appropriate and reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.


Glencoe Language Arts - Vocabulary Power Workbooks Grade 11

Research shows that reading comprehension improves when students have a strong oral and print vocabulary. By providing students with word-study opportunities, students are encouraged to develop a love of language and an ongoing curiosity about words, their origins, and their multiple meanings and usages.
 
 
 
 
The vocabulary word lists, skills-practice exercises, reviews, and tests provided in these Vocabulary Power Workbooks may be used for systematic vocabulary instruction, enabling students to expand their vocabularies, develop a deeper understanding of language, and improve their reading comprehension.
 
 
 
The vocabulary teaching, word lists, and exercise types in Vocabulary Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as Teaching Reading Vocabulary by Dale D. Johnson and P. David Pearson; Teaching Vocabulary to Improve Reading Comprehension by William E. Nagy; The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke; and various articles from the Journal of Reading have been used to help determine the course of instruction and to identify vocabulary words that students should know at each grade level. Therefore, the words selected for study in this workbook are developmentally appropriate and reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.

Glencoe Language Arts - Vocabulary Power Workbooks Grade 10

Research shows that reading comprehension improves when students have a strong oral and print vocabulary. By providing students with word-study opportunities, students are encouraged to develop a love of language and an ongoing curiosity about words, their origins, and their multiple meanings and usages.
 
 
 
 
The vocabulary word lists, skills-practice exercises, reviews, and tests provided in these Vocabulary Power Workbooks may be used for systematic vocabulary instruction, enabling students to expand their vocabularies, develop a deeper understanding of language, and improve their reading comprehension.
 
 
 
The vocabulary teaching, word lists, and exercise types in Vocabulary Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as Teaching Reading Vocabulary by Dale D. Johnson and P. David Pearson; Teaching Vocabulary to Improve Reading Comprehension by William E. Nagy; The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke; and various articles from the Journal of Reading have been used to help determine the course of instruction and to identify vocabulary words that students should know at each grade level. Therefore, the words selected for study in this workbook are developmentally appropriate and reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.

Glencoe Language Arts - Vocabulary Power Workbooks Grade 9

Research shows that reading comprehension improves when students have a strong oral and print vocabulary. By providing students with word-study opportunities, students are encouraged to develop a love of language and an ongoing curiosity about words, their origins, and their multiple meanings and usages.
 
 
 
 
The vocabulary word lists, skills-practice exercises, reviews, and tests provided in these Vocabulary Power Workbooks may be used for systematic vocabulary instruction, enabling students to expand their vocabularies, develop a deeper understanding of language, and improve their reading comprehension.
 
 
 
The vocabulary teaching, word lists, and exercise types in Vocabulary Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as Teaching Reading Vocabulary by Dale D. Johnson and P. David Pearson; Teaching Vocabulary to Improve Reading Comprehension by William E. Nagy; The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke; and various articles from the Journal of Reading have been used to help determine the course of instruction and to identify vocabulary words that students should know at each grade level. Therefore, the words selected for study in this workbook are developmentally appropriate and reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.

Glencoe Language Arts - Vocabulary Power Workbooks Grade 8

Research shows that reading comprehension improves when students have a strong oral and print vocabulary. By providing students with word-study opportunities, students are encouraged to develop a love of language and an ongoing curiosity about words, their origins, and their multiple meanings and usages.
The vocabulary word lists, skills-practice exercises, reviews, and tests provided in these Vocabulary Power Workbooks may be used for systematic vocabulary instruction, enabling students to expand their vocabularies, develop a deeper understanding of language, and improve their reading comprehension.
The vocabulary teaching, word lists, and exercise types in Vocabulary Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as Teaching Reading Vocabulary by Dale D. Johnson and P. David Pearson; Teaching Vocabulary to Improve Reading Comprehension by William E. Nagy; The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke; and various articles from the Journal of Reading have been used to help determine the course of instruction and to identify vocabulary words that students should know at each grade level. Therefore, the words selected for study in this workbook are developmentally appropriate and reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.

Glencoe Language Arts - Vocabulary Power Workbooks Grade 7

Research shows that reading comprehension improves when students have a strong oral and print vocabulary. By providing students with word-study opportunities, students are encouraged to develop a love of language and an ongoing curiosity about words, their origins, and their multiple meanings and usages.
 
 
 
 
The vocabulary word lists, skills-practice exercises, reviews, and tests provided in these Vocabulary Power Workbooks may be used for systematic vocabulary instruction, enabling students to expand their vocabularies, develop a deeper understanding of language, and improve their reading comprehension.
 
 
 
The vocabulary teaching, word lists, and exercise types in Vocabulary Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as Teaching Reading Vocabulary by Dale D. Johnson and P. David Pearson; Teaching Vocabulary to Improve Reading Comprehension by William E. Nagy; The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke; and various articles from the Journal of Reading have been used to help determine the course of instruction and to identify vocabulary words that students should know at each grade level. Therefore, the words selected for study in this workbook are developmentally appropriate and reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.


Glencoe Language Arts - Vocabulary Power Workbooks Grade 6

Research shows that reading comprehension improves when students have a strong oral and print vocabulary. By providing students with word-study opportunities, students are encouraged to develop a love of language and an ongoing curiosity about words, their origins, and their multiple meanings and usages.
 
 
 
 
The vocabulary word lists, skills-practice exercises, reviews, and tests provided in these Vocabulary Power Workbooks may be used for systematic vocabulary instruction, enabling students to expand their vocabularies, develop a deeper understanding of language, and improve their reading comprehension.
 
 
 
The vocabulary teaching, word lists, and exercise types in Vocabulary Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as Teaching Reading Vocabulary by Dale D. Johnson and P. David Pearson; Teaching Vocabulary to Improve Reading Comprehension by William E. Nagy; The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke; and various articles from the Journal of Reading have been used to help determine the course of instruction and to identify vocabulary words that students should know at each grade level. Therefore, the words selected for study in this workbook are developmentally appropriate and reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.

Glencoe Language Arts - Vocabulary Power Teachers Annotated Grade 7

Research shows that reading comprehension improves when students have a strong oral and print vocabulary. By providing students with word-study opportunities, students are encouraged to develop a love of language and an ongoing curiosity about words, their origins, and their multiple meanings and usages.
 
 
 
 
The vocabulary word lists, skills-practice exercises, reviews, and tests provided in these Vocabulary Power Workbooks may be used for systematic vocabulary instruction, enabling students to expand their vocabularies, develop a deeper understanding of language, and improve their reading comprehension.
 
 
 
The vocabulary teaching, word lists, and exercise types in Vocabulary Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as Teaching Reading Vocabulary by Dale D. Johnson and P. David Pearson; Teaching Vocabulary to Improve Reading Comprehension by William E. Nagy; The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke; and various articles from the Journal of Reading have been used to help determine the course of instruction and to identify vocabulary words that students should know at each grade level. Therefore, the words selected for study in this workbook are developmentally appropriate and reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.
 

Glencoe Language Arts - Vocabulary Power Teachers Annotated Grade 6

By providing spelling exercises, skills practice, reviews, and quizzes, these Spelling Power Workbooks give students the practice they need to improve their spelling and writing ability and to expand their vocabulary.
 
 
 
The spelling words, patterns, and concepts taught throughout Spelling Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, authored by readability experts Edward Bernard Fry, Jacqueline E. Kress, and Dona Lee Fountoukidis, and The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke, identify words students typically misspell at each grade level, so the words selected for study in these workbooks are developmentally appropriate. They also reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.

Glencoe Language Arts - Spelling Power Teacher Annotated Editions Grade 12

By providing spelling exercises, skills practice, reviews, and quizzes, these Spelling Power Workbooks give students the practice they need to improve their spelling and writing ability and to expand their vocabulary.
 
 
 
 
The spelling words, patterns, and concepts taught throughout Spelling Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, authored by readability experts Edward Bernard Fry, Jacqueline E. Kress, and Dona Lee Fountoukidis, and The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke, identify words students typically misspell at each grade level, so the words selected for study in these workbooks are developmentally appropriate. They also reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.

Glencoe Language Arts - Spelling Power Teacher Annotated Editions Grade 11

By providing spelling exercises, skills practice, reviews, and quizzes, these Spelling Power Workbooks give students the practice they need to improve their spelling and writing ability and to expand their vocabulary.
 
 
 
 
The spelling words, patterns, and concepts taught throughout Spelling Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, authored by readability experts Edward Bernard Fry, Jacqueline E. Kress, and Dona Lee Fountoukidis, and The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke, identify words students typically misspell at each grade level, so the words selected for study in these workbooks are developmentally appropriate. They also reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.

Glencoe Language Arts - Spelling Power Teacher Annotated Editions Grade 10

By providing spelling exercises, skills practice, reviews, and quizzes, these Spelling Power Workbooks give students the practice they need to improve their spelling and writing ability and to expand their vocabulary.
 
 
 
 
The spelling words, patterns, and concepts taught throughout Spelling Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, authored by readability experts Edward Bernard Fry, Jacqueline E. Kress, and Dona Lee Fountoukidis, and The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke, identify words students typically misspell at each grade level, so the words selected for study in these workbooks are developmentally appropriate. They also reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.

Glencoe Language Arts - Spelling Power Teacher Annotated Editions Grade 9

By providing spelling exercises, skills practice, reviews, and quizzes, these Spelling Power Workbooks give students the practice they need to improve their spelling and writing ability and to expand their vocabulary.
 
 
 
 
The spelling words, patterns, and concepts taught throughout Spelling Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, authored by readability experts Edward Bernard Fry, Jacqueline E. Kress, and Dona Lee Fountoukidis, and The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke, identify words students typically misspell at each grade level, so the words selected for study in these workbooks are developmentally appropriate. They also reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.

Glencoe Language Arts - Spelling Power Teacher Annotated Editions Grade 8

By providing spelling exercises, skills practice, reviews, and quizzes, these Spelling Power Workbooks give students the practice they need to improve their spelling and writing ability and to expand their vocabulary.
 
 
 
 
The spelling words, patterns, and concepts taught throughout Spelling Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, authored by readability experts Edward Bernard Fry, Jacqueline E. Kress, and Dona Lee Fountoukidis, and The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke, identify words students typically misspell at each grade level, so the words selected for study in these workbooks are developmentally appropriate. They also reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.


Glencoe Language Arts - Spelling Power Teacher Annotated Editions Grade 7

By providing spelling exercises, skills practice, reviews, and quizzes, these Spelling Power Workbooks give students the practice they need to improve their spelling and writing ability and to expand their vocabulary.
 
 
 
 
The spelling words, patterns, and concepts taught throughout Spelling Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, authored by readability experts Edward Bernard Fry, Jacqueline E. Kress, and Dona Lee Fountoukidis, and The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke, identify words students typically misspell at each grade level, so the words selected for study in these workbooks are developmentally appropriate. They also reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.

Glencoe Language Arts - Spelling Power Teacher Annotated Editions Grade 6

By providing spelling exercises, skills practice, reviews, and quizzes, these Spelling Power Workbooks give students the practice they need to improve their spelling and writing ability and to expand their vocabulary.
 
 
 
The spelling words, patterns, and concepts taught throughout Spelling Power have been carefully selected on the basis of current research in word study. Sources such as The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, authored by readability experts Edward Bernard Fry, Jacqueline E. Kress, and Dona Lee Fountoukidis, and The Living Word, a national vocabulary inventory by Dale Edgar and Joseph O’Rourke, identify words students typically misspell at each grade level, so the words selected for study in these workbooks are developmentally appropriate. They also reflect the varied interests and vocabulary of today’s students.
 
 
 
The Teacher Annotated Editions include the answer keys.

The Semantics of Polysemy Reading Meaning in English and Warlpiri (Cognitive Linguistics Research 30)

This book, addressed primarily to students and researchers in semantics, cognitive linguistics, English, and Australian languages, is a comparative study of the polysemy patterns displayed by percussion/impact ('hitting') verbs in English and Warlpiri (Pama-Nyungan, Central Australia).


The opening chapters develop a novel theoretical orientation for the study of polysemy via a close examination of two theoretical traditions under the broader cognitivist umbrella: Langackerian and Lakovian Cognitive Semantics and Wierzbickian Natural Semantic Metalanguage.


Arguments are offered which problematize attempts in these traditions to ground the analysis of meaning either in cognitive or neurological reality, or in the existence of universal synonymy relations within the lexicon. Instead, an interpretative rather than a scientific construal of linguistic theorizing is sketched, in the context of a close examination of certain key issues in the contemporary study of polysemy such as sense individuation, the role of reference in linguistic categorization, and the demarcation between metaphor and metonymy.


The later chapters present a detailed typology of the polysemous senses of English and Warlpiri percussion/impact (or P/I) verbs based on a diachronically deep corpus of dictionary citations from Middle to contemporary English, and on a large corpus of Warlpiri citations. Limited to the operations of metaphor and of three categories of metonymy, this typology posits just four types of basic relation between extended and core meanings. As a result, the phenomenon of polysemy and semantic extension emerges as amenable to strikingly concise description.