Rhetoric in Detail Discourse Analyses of Rhetorical Talk and Text

This book brings together twelve studies, all written by scholars who identify themselves primarily as rhetoricians, that employ theory and/or method fromlinguistic discourse analysis.

 

 

The studies make use of a variety of discourse analytic resources, including those of critical discourse analysis, interactional sociolinguistics, narrative analysis, and computer-aided corpus analysis.

 

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Portraits of the L2 User (Second Language Acquisition)

"Portraits of the L2 User" treats second language users in their own right rather than as failed native speakers. It describes a range of psychological and linguistic approaches to diverse topics about L2 users.

It thus provides an overview of current second language acquisition theories, results and methods, seen from a common perspective.

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McDougal Littell MathThematics Book 2 New Edition Student Textbook

Looking for ACTIVITY-BASED learning?

Take a closer look at MathThematics! Comprehensive Curriculum

 

 

 

Integrate algebra, geometry, statistics, probability, and number concepts. Student-Friendly Instruction

Address various learning styles with stepped-out activities and visuals that use color to promote understanding. Thematic Modules

 

 

 

Present concepts in the context of relevant and meaningful applications and themes used throughout each chapter.

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Aspects of Meaning Construction

Meaning construction pervades every aspect of our lives. A crucial aspect of our interaction in the world is being able to identify and categorize things.

 

 

 

In his pioneering work on remembering, the British psychologist Sir Frederic Bartlett (1932) confronted subjects with what would seem to be meaningless figures and asked them to remember and reproduce them.

 

 

 

One of the figures they were shown was Figure 2a. Some subjects would reproduce the figure the way it was presented to them, i.e. as (b), others would reproduce it as (c) or (d). The striking observation Bartlett made was that, in reproducing meaningless figures, his subjects turned them into meaningful drawings. For example, some subjects would interpret figure (a) as “two carpenter’s squares” and hence reproduce it faithfully as in (b); other subjects would interpret it as a “picture-frame” and reproduce it as in (c) or (d). Bartlett fittingly described people’s desire to associate things with meaning as “effort after meaning.”

 

 

 

 

Interestingly, finding a name for a meaningless figure turned out to be very helpful in the subjects’ effort after meaning: they often felt relieved when they found a label which expressed a certain concept. In Langacker’s (1987) terminology, the subjects were able to project a “sanctioning structure,” i.e. the concept of two carpenter’s squares or a picture frame, to the meaningless figures.

 

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1000 Best Wine Secrets by Carolyn Hammond

What is the appropriate way to taste wine at a restaurant? What type of wine is best served with catfish? 1000 Best Wine Secrets contains all the information novice wine drinkers and experienced connoisseurs alike need to feel comfortable in any restaurant, home or vineyard.

 

 

1000 Best Wine Secrets is the book for readers seeking the confidence to select and enjoy the perfect bottle from among the wines of the world.

 

 

Includes such tips as:

--Secrets of buying great wine

--Detecting faulty wine and sending it back

--Serving wine like a pro

--Wine tips from around the globe-from Argentina to France and Spain to California

--Knowing when to drink wine

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1000 Best New Teacher Survival Secrets by Kandace Martin and Kathy Brenny

Secrets for your first year and beyond

 

Experienced educators Kathleen Brenny and Kandace Martin show You how to:

--Effectively organize your classroom

--34 secrets to surviving your first week

--Prepare your students for standardized tests

--Document progress and grading

--Work effectively with ESL students

--Understand the legal requirements of working with students with special needs

--Survive parent-teacher conferences

--Manage stress and stay healthy

--Create a safe school environment for your students

 

Covers important issues across all grade levels

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1000 Best Dog Training Secrets by Robyn Achey and Bill Gorton

As every dog owner knows, it takes a lot of time and patience to train a dog--whether she's a puppy or an adult dog learning new behaviors. 1000 Best Dog Training Secrets is packed full of useful training tips for new and seasoned dog owners from two experts in the field.

 

 

 

The easy-to-follow advice covers everything from basic skills to socialization, obedience training, manners, tricks and more. Robyn Achey and William Gorton, owners and operators of Tall Tails Training & K-9 Education school in New England, offer insight into handling dogs at all stages of development from brand new puppy to geriatric, so it's never too late to get started.

 

 

You will learn about:

-- Establishing leadership

-- Socialization--learning from human leaders

-- Obedience training

-- Developing life skills

-- Teaching manners

-- Dog etiquette

-- Behavior problem prevention & solutions

-- Toys, games & leisure activities

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Written Reliquaries The resonance of Orality in Medieval English Texts (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

Written Reliquaries: The resonance of orality in medieval English texts establishes the linguistic component of orality and oral tradition. The relics it examines are traces of spoken performance, artifacts of linguistic and cultural processes.

Seven case studies animate verbal acts of making promises, quoting proverbs, pronouncing curses, speaking gibberish, praying Pater Nosters, invoking saints, and keeping silence. The study of their resonance is enabled by a methodological conjunction of historical pragmatics and oral theory. Insights from oral theory enlighten spoken traditions which in turn may be understood in the larger historical-pragmatic context of linguistic performance.

The inquiry ranges across broad as well as narrow planes of reference to trace a complex set of cultural and linguistic interactions. In this way it reconstructs relevant discursive contexts, giving detailed accounts of underlying assumptions, traditions, and conventions. Doing so, the book demonstrates that an integrated methodology not only allows access to oral discourse in both Old English and Middle English but also provides insight into the fluid medieval interchange of literacy and orality.

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Toddler and Parent Interaction The Oganisation of Gaze Pointing and Vocalisation (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

This book provides a microanalysis of the interactions between four children and their parents starting when the children were aged 9 to 13 months and ending when they were 18 months old. It tracks development as an issue for and of interaction.

 

 

 

In so doing, it uncovers the details of the organisation of the sequence structure of the interactions, and exposes the workings of language and social development as they unfold in everyday activities. The study begins with a description of pre-verbal children’s sequences of action and then tracks those sequences as linguistic ability increases.

 

 

 

The analysis reveals a developing richness and complexity of the sequence structure and exposes a gap in Child Language studies that focus on the children’s and their carers’ actions in isolation from their sequential environment.

 

 

 

By focusing on the initiating actions of both child and parent, and the response to those actions, and by capturing the details of how both verbal and nonverbal actions are organised in the larger sequences of talk, a more complete picture emerges of how adept the young child is at co-creating meaning in highly organised ways well before words start to surface. The study also uncovers pursuit of a response, and orientation to insufficiency and adequacy of response, as defining characteristics of these early interactions.

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The Pragmatics of Requests and Apologies (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

The purpose of this research is to analyse the pragmatic development of language groups at different proficiency levels and to investigate the relationship between interlanguage pragmatics and grammatical competence.

 

 

 

For this study, 36 native Spanish speaking EFL learners at different proficiency levels were asked to respond in English to 24 different situations that called for the speech acts of request and apology. Results showed three important aspects.

 

 

 

The first finding suggested that basic adult learners possess a pragmatic knowledge in their L1 that allows them to focus on the intended meaning and, in most cases, to assemble an utterance that conveys a pragmatic intention and satisfies the communicative demands of a social situation.

 

 

 

The second finding revealed that there are two essential conditions to communicate a linguistic action: the knowledge of the relevant linguistic rules and the knowledge of how to use them appropriately and effectively in a specific context. The findings further suggested that advanced learners possess the grammatical knowledge to produce an illocutionary act, but they need to learn the specific L2 pragmatic conventions that enable them to know when to use these grammatical forms and under which circumstances.

 

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Taboo in Advertising (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

Much of the popular attention to advertising is focused on a few ads that challenge taboos, for instance on the treatment of sex, bodily functions, or death.

If one turns to the monthly reports of complaints about advertising in Britain, whether in the press or in broadcasting, a number of them deal with images, words, or suggestions that someone considers indecent or transgressive.

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Pragmatic Markers in Oral Narrative The Case of English and Catalan (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

This study deals with the use of pragmatic markers in English and Catalan oral narrative (Labov and Waletzky 1967), a monologued text-genre that presents a regular structural pattern.

The main aim is to try to show that pragmatic markers play a decisive role in the telling of the events. In order to be able to cope their signi?cance within the text, the overall structure of English and Catalan narratives is also going to be analyzed and compared.

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Persuasion Across Genres A Linguistic Approach (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

Persuasion, in its various linguistic forms, enters our lives daily. Politicians and the news media attempt to change or confirm our beliefs, while advertisers try to bend our tastes toward buying their products. Persuasion goes on in courtrooms, universities, and the business world.

 

 

 

Persuasion pervades interpersonal relations in all social spheres, public and private. And persuasion reaches us via a large number of genres and their intricate interplay.

 

 

 

This volume brings together nine chapters which investigate some of the typical genres of modern persuasion. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the authors explore the linguistic features of successful (and unsuccessful) persuasion and the reasons for the variation of persuasive choices as realized in various genres: business negotiations, judicial argumentation, political speech, advertising, newspaper editorials, and news writing. In the final chapter, the editors tie together the two themes — persuasion and genres — by proposing an Intergenre Model. This model assumes that a powerful force behind generic evolution is the perennial need for implicit persuasion.

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Lexical Pragmatics and Theory of Mind The Acquisition of Connectives (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

The concept of theory of mind (ToM), a hot topic in cognitive psychology for the past twenty-five years, has gained increasing importance in the fields of linguistics and pragmatics.

However, even though the relationship between ToM and verbal communication is now recognized, the extent, causality and full implications of this connection remain mostly to be explored. This book presents a comprehensive discussion of the interface between language, communication, and theory of mind, and puts forward an innovative proposal regarding the role of discourse connectives for this interface.

The proposed analysis of connectives is tested from the perspective of their acquisition, using empirical methods such as corpus analysis and controlled experiments, thus placing the study of connectives within the emerging framework of experimental pragmatics.

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Intercultural Conversation (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

This innovative study of naturally-occurring English conversations between Hong Kong Chinese and their native English friends and colleagues makes a worthwhile contribution to the research literature on intercultural conversation.

 

 

 

Through analyzing dyadic intercultural conversations, the study investigates the ways in which culturally divergent conversationalists manage their organizational and interpersonal aspects of the unfolding conversations.

 

 

 

The study focuses on five features of conversational interaction — disagreements, compliments and compliment responses, simultaneous talk, discourse topic management and discourse information structure — where cultural values and attitudes are particularly evident. For each of the features, hypotheses are formulated and tested through the detailed analysis of twenty-five intercultural conversations.

 

 

 

This quantitative analysis is then followed by qualitative analysis of excerpts from the conversations to show the ways in which conversational interaction is performed and negotiated. The study shows in very revealing ways that intercultural conversations involve a complex, interactive and collaborative process of communication between the participants. 

 

Table of contents

 

List of figures and tables

ix

Acknowledgements

xi

Transcription notation

xii

1. Communication across cultures

1-16

2. Literature review and descriptive framework

17-56

3. Research methodology and data collection

57-64

4. Preference organization

65-93

5. Compliments and compliment responses

95-117

6. Simultaneous talk

119-146

7. Discourse topic management

147-191

8. Discourse information structure

193-229

9. Conclusion

231-241

References

243-263

Authors index

265-269

Subject index

271-274

 

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Impoliteness in Interaction (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

This study concerns the nature of impoliteness in face-to-face spoken interaction. For more than three decades many  pragmatic and sociolinguistic studies of interaction have considered politeness to be one central explanatory concept  governing and underpinning face-to-face interaction.

 

 

 

Politeness' "evil twin" impoliteness has been largely neglected until only very recently. This book, the first of its kind on the subject, considers the role that impoliteness has to play  by drawing extracts from a range of discourse types (car parking disputes, army and police training, police-public interactions and kitchen discourse).

 

 

 

The study considers the triggering of impoliteness; explores the dynamic progression of impolite exchanges, and examines the way in which such exchanges come to some form of resolution. 'Face' and the linguistic sophistication and manipulation of discoursally expected norms to cause, or deflect impoliteness is also  explored, as is the dynamic and sometimes hotly contested nature of an individual's socio-discoursal role. 

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Humane Readings Essays (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

Since the 1980s, Roger D. Sell’s literary criticism has striven to take account of the (often conflicting) approaches available without compromising the human importance of the literary work: either in terms of its creation or its reception.

 

 

 

Sell’s theory of literature draws strength from the interface between literary studies and linguistics and is grounded on the argument that literary making is a primary communicational act between human beings. Other critics have found Sell’s work inspirational.

 

 

 

This book both responds to Sell’s ideas and demonstrates the multifaceted potential of his work. Aware of his trajectory through Literary-Pragmatic, ‘Humanizing’ and ‘Mediating’ criticism, Humane Readings offers a series of original and focused studies which demonstrate the power, provenance and importance of Sell’s approach.

 

 

 

Ranging in subject matter from the Early Modern Period to the present, a reconfiguration of literary criticism by contemporary readers and practitioners is urged here. Case studies are presented on a range of poetic, novelistic, dramatic and children’s works. Each illuminates different aspects of Sell’s critical thought.

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Culture in Communication Analyses of Intercultural Situations (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

This volume is dedicated to questions arising in linguistic, sociological and anthropological analyses of intercultural encounters, a subject that is becoming increasingly relevant in the light of recent interest in multicultural societies.

The collection focuses on the methodological possibilities of explanatory analyses of intercultural communication and explores the relationship between language and culture. It thus address the question of how participants in intercultural settings (both in institutional and informal contexts) (re)construct cultural differences and cultural identities. Empirical analyses go hand-inhand with the discussion of methodological and theoretical aspects of interculturality and the relationship of language and culture.

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Constraints in Discourse (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

It is a commonplace to say that the meaning of text is more than the conjunction of the meaning of its constituents. But, what are the rules governing its interpretation, and what are the constraints that define well-formed discourse?

 

 

 

Answers to these questions can be given from various perspectives. In this edited volume, leading scientists in the field investigate these questions from structural, cognitive, and computational perspectives. The last decades have seen the development of numerous formal frameworks in which the structure of discourse can be analysed, the most important of them being the Linguistic Discourse Model, Rhetorical Structure Theory and Segmented Discourse Representation Theory.

 

 

 

This volume contains an introduction to these frameworks and the fundamental topics in research about discourse constraints. Thus, it should be accessible to specialists in the field as well as advanced graduate students and researchers from neighbouring areas. The volume is of interest to discourse linguists, psycholinguists, cognitive scientists, and computational linguists.

 

Table of contents

 

Acknowledgements

vii

1. Constraints in discourse: An introduction

1-26

Part I. The Right Frontier

27

2. Troubles on right frontier

Nicholas Asher

29-52

3. The moving right frontier

Pr Laurent? Vot and Laure Vieu

53-66

Part II. Comparing Frameworks

67

4. Strong generative capacity of RST, SDRT and discourse dependency DAGSs

Laurence Danlos

69-95

5. Rhetorical distance revisited: A parameterized approach

Christian Chiarcos and Olga Krasavina

97-115

6. Underspecified discourse representation

Markus Egg and Gisela Redeker

117-138

Part III. The Cognitive Perspective

139

7. Dependency precedes independence: Online evidence from discourse processing

Petra Burkhardt

141-158

8. Accessing discourse referents introduced in negated phrases: Evidence for accomodation?

Barbara Kaup and Jana L?dtke

159-178

Part IV. Language Specific Phenomena

179

9. Complex anaphors in discourse

Manfred Consten and Mareile Knees

181-199

10. The discourse functions of the present perfect

Atsuko Nishiyama and Jean-Pierre Koenig

201-223

11. German right dislocation and afterthought in discourse

Maria Averintseva-Klisch

225-247

12. A discourse-relational approach to continuation

Anke Holler

249-265

13. German vorfeld-filling as constraint interaction

Augustin Speyer

267-290

Index

291-292

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Confronting Metaphor in Use An applied linguistic approach (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

It is timely for researchers to approach metaphor as social and situated, as a matter of language and discourse, and not just as a matter of thought.

 

 

 

Over the last twenty five years, scholars have come to appreciate in depth the cognitive, motivated and embodied nature of metaphor, but have tended to background the linguistic form of metaphor and have largely ignored how this connects to its role in the discourses in which our lives are constructed and lived.

 

 

 

This book brings language and social dimensions into the picture, offering snapshots of metaphor use in real language and in real lives across the very different cultures of Europe and Brazil and contributing to the theorizing of metaphor in discourse.

 

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Collaborating Towards Coherence (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

This book set out to examine communication between writers and readers,and speakers and listeners, from the perspective of the relations of meaning with which speakers and writers can mark the unity within and between their messages.

We found that speakers and writers make use of cohesion in different manners in different texts, which suggests that cohesive strategies are sensitive to communicative conditions.

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Calling for Help Language And Social Interaction in Telephone Helplines (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

This book is an edited collection of language and interaction-centred studies that explore what happens when people use the telephone to call for help.More specifically, the focus throughout this collection is on diverse aspects of spoken language and patterns of social interaction in calls made by members of the public to a variety of telephone helplines.

Helplines are telephone-based services that offer callers help, advice or support in a wide range of areas, most commonly in areas relating to health and medicine, the law, finance, psychological wellbeing, interpersonal relationships, various forms of addiction, and computer technology.

Prototypically, a helpline is a ‘dedicated’ service that provides help in a single, particularised area (for example breast cancer, AIDS, gambling addiction, computer software, bereavement, domestic violence, consumer rights).

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Broadening the Horizon of Linguistic Politeness (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

This collection of 19 articles comes out of the 1999 International Symposium of Linguistic Politeness, held in Bangkok, Thailand.

The contributions span a wide geographical and linguistic array, ranging all the way from Ireland and England over Sweden to China and Japan, fromAustralia over Thailand to Greece and Spain. Also, the languages represented are quite untypical for studies in this field: more than half of the contributions (even if not counting the three plenaries) stem from people working in such fields as Chinese, Japanese or Thai.

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Beyond Misunderstanding Linguistic Analyses of Intercultural Communication (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series)

This volume challenges two tacit presumptions in the field of intercultural communication research. Firstly, misunderstandings can requently be found in intercultural communication, although, one could not claim that intercultural communication is constituted by misunderstandings alone.

The main purpose of the contributions to this volume is to reconstruct intercultural understanding linguistically. Secondly, intercultural communication is not solely constituted by the fact that individuals from different cultural groups interact. Each contribution of this volume analyses to what extent instances of discourse are institutionally and/or interculturally determined.

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