The purpose of the present volume, then, is twofold; first to update teachers, researchers, policymakers/administrators, and others on what is involved in this complex issue of testing and its effects, and how such a phenomenon benefits teaching and learning, and second, to provide researchers with models of research studies on which future studies can be based.
In order to address these two main purposes, the volume consists of two parts.
Part I provides readers with an overall view of the complexity of washback, and the various contextual factors entangled within testing, teaching, and learning.
Part II provides a collection of empirical washback studies carried out in many different parts of the world, which lead the readers further into the heart of the issue within each educational context.
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